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Sphingolipids such as ceramides and glucosylceramides are an
2024-05-22

Sphingolipids, such as ceramides and glucosylceramides, are an important class of bioactive lipids. The levels of these lipids change as a function of adipose tissue mass and functionality, and are partially driven by cellular availability of palmitoyl-CoA. Aberrant accumulation of ceramide, glucosy
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HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain
2024-05-22

5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and Phosphocreatine disodium salt (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al.
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Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide PACAP is
2024-05-22

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a member of the secretin/growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)/vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) family, with potent anti-inflammatory and potent cytoprotective properties [[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13]]. PACAP exists as
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br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous
2024-05-22

Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al
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br Conflict of interest statement br
2024-05-21

Conflict of interest statement Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a highly complex process characterized by an increased number of epithelial and stromal BI-7273 in the transition zone. , , Autopsy studies by McNeal detail the evolution of histological changes within these 2 cellular compa
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It has recently been reported that plasma
2024-05-21

It has recently been reported that plasma and synovial fluid levels of autotaxin correlate with severity of knee OA. Synovial fibroblasts isolated from OA patients express significant amounts of autotaxin mRNA, and this increase in autotaxin Varenicline Tartrate could lead to increased production of
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It has been shown that ACLY is
2024-05-21

It has been shown that ACLY is localized to not only the cytoplasm but also the nucleus. Nuclear ACLY may supply acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation, leading to global regulation of the gene expression [16], [18]. We previously reported that AZ2 is also localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus whe
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However most of these SBVS studies
2024-05-21

However, most of these SBVS studies were focused on the target(s) for which crystal structures were available or have a similar template in PDB for comparative modeling. Besides, these were limited to SBVS only which relies on the rigid binding pocket, therefore, it may result in high false positive
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br Author contribution br Acknowledgement br Introduction Si
2024-05-21

Author contribution Acknowledgement Introduction Since the initial finding of Gould et al. [1], showing the loss of dendritic spines in the hippocampus after ovariectomy and its rescue after treatment of the animals with estradiol, a tremendous number of studies have demonstrated a role of
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Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a
2024-05-21

Bioavailability has been defined as the amount of a drug given by any route, other than intravenously, that reaches general circulation and is available at the site of action [86]. The low bioavailability observed with the initial intravaginal devices (16%) was attributed to the melting point of the
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Apelin induced G i activation
2024-05-21

Apelin induced Gαi activation has been demonstrated as a benefiting effect on cardiac contractility [12], [38], [39], and a vasodilator activity that protects against angiotensin-II-induced cardiovascular fibrosis and atheroma [40], [41]. In contrast, stretch causes hypertrophy through diminishing G
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Besides one should also consider
2024-05-21

Besides, one should also consider that all antioxidant compounds (free soluble or insoluble bounds) exist all together in colon, where radicals and antioxidant compounds react continuously with each other. At this point, after the consumption of antioxidants bound to dietary fiber, they reach the co
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br Conclusions In summary we report a novel preliminary
2024-05-21

Conclusions In summary, we report a novel preliminary finding of a potential racial difference in the association of Cd-content and AR expression in prostate cancer that will need to be confirmed in larger studies. Although the association of Cd and AR protein expression is not strong in tumor ti
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The primary structure of the A peptide can be divided
2024-05-21

The primary structure of the Aβ peptide can be divided into four regions based on hydrophobicity. The N-terminal residues 1–16 comprise the first hydrophilic region, which also contains the metal binding site. More specifically, side chain carboxylate of D1 and the side chain nitrogens of H6, H13 an
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For all three fluorescent dyes
2024-05-21

For all three fluorescent dyes used, the double-labeled UQ-bodies showed higher antigen responses. A plausible mechanism for the higher quenching observed for the double-labeled UQ-bodies is the dye-dye quenching due to H-dimer formation [19] between the two dyes introduced into the Fd and L chains.
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