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Despite these multiple mechanisms of viral persistence
2021-09-17
Despite these multiple mechanisms of viral persistence, one patient has been reportedly cured from HIV-1 infection . Timothy Brown, also known as the 'Berlin patient', was diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in 1995. After controlling viremia for several years via cART, he was diagnosed with acute myeloi
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The mechanism study demonstrated that
2021-09-16
The mechanism study demonstrated that BDNF is one of the fundamental mechanisms underlying JMJD2A effects during neuropathic pain. BDNF is a neurotrophin with essential functions in neuronal development and neuroplasticity. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in BDNF expression levels un
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br Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by
2021-09-16
Direct effect of HDACs on contractile function by deacetylating cytoskeletal and contractile proteins Role of HDACs in electropathology by transcriptional reprogramming Next to deacetylation of α-tubulin by HDAC6 in experimental and human AF, there is also evidence for transcriptional reprogra
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Toc and Toc are GTPases that
2021-09-16
Toc34 and Toc159 are GTPases that regulate initial steps of preprotein import [3,4,26]. It was shown that GTP hydrolysis of at least one receptor is necessary to initiate the translocation process [23,27]. As reported for other small G-proteins, Toc34 and Toc159 bind their cargo in a nucleotide-depe
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AST 487 One important aspect about GSK inhibitors is their
2021-09-16
One important aspect about GSK-3 inhibitors is their effect on pluripotency of AST 487 [4]. Many GSK-3 inhibitors are ATP-competitive and suppress both GSK-3alpha and GSK-3beta [476]. BIO was shown to suppress GSK-3 activity and promote Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. This combination of events preserv
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Paxilline br Conclusion and future perspectives The nicotini
2021-09-16
Conclusion and future perspectives The nicotinic Paxilline receptor GPR109A and its close relatives GPR109B and GPR81 are primarily expressed in adipocytes and are coupled to Gi-type G proteins. Recently, the ketone body β-hydroxy-butyrate, the β-oxidation intermediate 3-hydroxy octanoic acid an
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GPR has been implicated in neuropathic and inflammatory pain
2021-09-16
GPR55 has been implicated in neuropathic and inflammatory pain (Staton et al., 2008) and bone remodeling (Whyte et al., 2009). Thus delineating the pharmacology of this receptor and the discovery of selective agonists and antagonists merits further study and could lead to new therapeutics. Acknow
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br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowledgments The aut
2021-09-16
Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank Dr. Linda Console-Bram for her editing of this review, Valentina Lucchesi for help with the figures, and acknowledge funding from NIH/NIDA (DA023204). Introduction G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) has emerg
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We first set out to
2021-09-16
We first set out to identify the minimum pharmacophore. Early structure activity relationships (SAR) indicated that the chloro substituents were not required and that the benzisoxazole moiety could be replaced by a number of other groups. A broad survey of “left-hand” hydrophobic moieties was conduc
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It is interesting to note that GlyT
2021-09-16
It is interesting to note that GlyT1 and GlyT2 are modulated in a coordinated and opposite way as that shown in this work by different mechanisms and situations. An example is the purinergic control of GlyT1 and GlyT2 through P2Y receptors in brainstem and spinal cord neurons. This mechanism promote
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In this study we find that DH
2021-09-16
In this study, we find that DH-CBD induces analgesic effects on inflammatory but not acute pain and the caspofungin receptor level of spinal α1 GlyRs increased after CFA paw injection. These results suggest that GlyR α1 is only involved in chronic pain. A possible explanation is that once the expre
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ICH induced striatal lesion produced a reduction
2021-09-16
ICH-induced striatal lesion produced a reduction of EAAT1 expression analogous to the decreased glutamate uptake at 6 h. The combined reduction of excitatory amino Auranofin transporters and of glutamate uptake activity might explain the well-known glutamate excitotoxicity following brain ischemia
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br Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptide
2021-09-16
Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate receptors for peptides similar to glucagon Genes for receptors for peptides similar to glucagon and other secretin-like hormones have been identified in a number of vertebrate species (Sivarajah et al., 2001, Chow et al., 2004, Irwin and Wong, 2005, Cardoso et
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br Preclinical development of GIP agonists
2021-09-16
Preclinical development of GIP agonists Since the action of DPP IV is not limited to GIP, the most specific pharmacological approach for GIP would be modification at the N-terminus to disrupt DPP IV-mediated degradation. Indeed, it has been shown that GIP analogues with N-terminal modifications a
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The general aim of our in vitro experiments was
2021-09-16
The general aim of our in vitro experiments was to analyze the patterns of ghrelin and GHSR-1a expression in the mammary glands of dairy goats during pregnancy and to examine the direct effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation in cultured MECs of pregnant dairy goats. For this purpose, we cultured go
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