• In Locusta migratoria a worldwide

  2021-11-16

  

  In Locusta migratoria, a worldwide agricultural pest, we previously identified 51 CPRs containing eight endocuticle structural glycoproteins, which are homologs of SgAbd-1, SgAbd-2, SgAbd-3, SgAbd-4, SgAbd-5, SgAbd-6, SgAbd-8, and SgAbd-9 in the adult desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria [17,26]. Al

• Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids which s

  2021-11-16

  

  Introduction The brain contains abundant fatty acids, which serve as constituents of membranes and as an energy source. In addition, fatty acids and their metabolites contribute to signal transduction between neurons or neurons and glial cells, suggesting that fatty acids play a crucial role in dev

• It is widely acknowledged that CpG methylation

  2021-11-16

  

  It is widely acknowledged that CpG methylation of the promoter regions of some genes plays an important regulatory role in transcriptional regulation and in the establishment and maintenance of cell type-specific gene expression (Li, 2002, Jaenisch and Bird, 2003). This study obtained multiple lines

• In this study we saw change

  2021-11-16

  

  In this study, we saw change in GHS-R1a mRNA expression in fasting condition. It is noteworthy that changes in ghrelin and GHS-R1a mRNA expression synchronized in organs were examined. In the To compare and consider sources of and pituitary, gene expression increased 4days after fasting, and the in

• The NVC response in the

  2021-11-16

  

  The NVC response in the diseased or aging integrase inhibitors mechanism may be altered, including changes in both the chemical mediators of NVC, ion channel behaviour, and the dynamics of the vascular system. For example, in Alzheimer’s disease the production of NO is shown to be inhibited (Lourenç

• NMDARs are glutamate gated ionotropic receptors that are inv

  2021-11-16

  

  NMDARs are glutamate-gated ionotropic receptors that are involved in excitatory neurotransmission and plasticity (Traynelis et al., 2010). There have been several reports showing that neurosteroids acting as negative modulators of NMDARs exert neuroprotective activity in both in vitro and in vivo mo

• The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of n

  2021-11-16

  

  The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of n-3 FAs on neoplasia have not been completely elucidated. Until recently, the emphasis has been on the ability of n-3 FAs to compete for the pathways that lead to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids from arachidonic acid, an n-6 FA, there

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Non steroidal anti

  2021-11-16

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a common treatment for a number of disease states involving an inflammatory reaction. This group of drugs mediate their anti-inflammatory effects mainly by inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), an enzyme of prime imp

• Ning et al showed that LPC appeared

  2021-11-16

  

  Ning et al. showed that LPC 18:1 appeared to increase insulin release through both GPR119-dependent and -independent mechanisms (Ning et al., 2008). In our study, we have shown that not only GPR119 but also GPR40 and GPR55 participate in LPC-stimulated insulin secretion (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) and target p

• Potential roles for S P in

  2021-11-16

  

  Potential roles for S1P in angiogenesis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases such as RA have been reported [73]. In RA synoviocytes, S1P has been shown to enhance expression of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in response to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-

• H O induced astrocyte ATP release through

  2021-11-16

  

  H2O2 induced astrocyte ATP release through lysosome exocytosis. The LDH assay and electric microscope results indicated that the increase of extracellular ATP concentration was not due to the cell rupture, but the alternations in cell activities. In addition, when lysosome exocytosis was blocked by

• The present experimental study identified remarkable protect

  2021-11-16

  

  The present experimental study identified remarkable protective effects for celecoxib against renal toxicity caused by CSA. All aspects of CSA nephrotoxicity, functional, inflammatory, fibrotic, and structural, were improved by celecoxib. Mechanistically, pharmacological and immunostaining protein e

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neu

  2021-11-15

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• br The concept of the axo myelin synapse

  2021-11-15

  

  The concept of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ Axons can release glutamate in a Ca+-dependent and independent manner (reviewed in [13,69]). Glutamate released from axons activates GluRs located in myelin, a feature that gave rise to the idea of the axo-myelin ‘synapse’ by analogy with classical synaptic

• The role of cell to cell

  2021-11-15

  

  The role of cell-to-cell interactions in coordinating the cells’ behaviour to ensure an appropriate anterior pituitary hormone response is receiving increasing attention. Anterior pituitary ddhC interact with neighbouring cells through junctional complexes. As their name implies, the complexed are

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