• While the direct effects of ARI lead to a dramatic

  2025-01-17

  

  While the direct effects of 5-ARI lead to a dramatic irak1 in serum DHT levels, other laboratory values are also affected by 5-ARI use. Serum testosterone elevations are known to occur with both finasteride and dutasteride use, but values will typically remain within the normal laboratory range [18

• In plants altered expression of Aurora

  2025-01-17

  

  In plants, altered expression of Aurora kinases results in impaired meiotic divisions followed by the formation of aneuploid or polyploid progenies [21]. This observation is interesting from an evolutionary point of view because it can be assumed that, during evolution, the influence of biotic and a

• Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) In considering the roles of

  2025-01-17

  

  In considering the roles of these enzymes in normal physiology, given the importance of GLUT4-dependent glucose uptake and glucose-dependent fatty Angiotensin 1/2 (1-9) synthesis for systemic metabolic homeostasis (Herman and Kahn, 2006, Herman et al., 2012), deletion of Acly in adipocytes results

• br Author contributions br Conflicts of interest The

  2025-01-17

  

  Author contributions Conflicts of interest The authors declare no competing financial interests. Acknowledgement This work was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Sonderforschungsbereich/Transregio 166–Project C1 and grant CA 1014/1-1 to D.C.) and the IZKF Würzbur

• A large number of studies have

  2025-01-17

  

  A large number of studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiological process of ventricular remodeling and is associated with left ventricular dysfunction (Hori and Nishida, 2009, Lord et al., 2010). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds anti-oxidat

• Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface

  2025-01-16

  

  Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface has great influence on cells adhesion and proteins adsorption [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], which inspired us to further develop antimicrobial materials or surfaces by taking advantage of the “chiral taste” of microbes. L-borneol is a hydrophobic

• Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia owing to

  2025-01-16

  

  Tumor tissues often experience hypoxia owing to accelerated growth rates of malignant cells, accumulation of metabolic products, disorganization of tumor blood vessels, and high interstitial fluid pressures (Makino et al., 2001). In response to AAD treatment, tumor vascular density often decreases t

• Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may pla

  2025-01-16

  

  Evidence from basic science studies suggests that Cd may play a role in prostate cancer through disruption of the androgen receptor (AR). AR, a hormone-activated transcription factor, is the key driver of prostate cancer progression [6]. Ironically, the AR is also required for normal prostate growth

• Introduction Alzheimer s disease AD is a complex neurologica

  2025-01-16

  

  Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by a progressive dementia resulting from synapse failure (Selkoe, 2002, Tanzi, 2005). The amyloid hypothesis maintains that the pivotal event in AD is the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides following the prote

• RNA interference assays have shown

  2025-01-16

  

  RNA interference assays have shown that the inhibition of AMPK expression leads to increases in TNF-α, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) levels after LPS stimulus, whereas the transfection of macrophages with a constitutively active form of AMPKα1 results in decreased LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 prod

• The role of the adaptive

  2025-01-16

  

  The role of the adaptive immune response in AD is not fully understood and previous studies are controversial. In this context, serum levels of T and B lymphocytes were found to be reduced in AD patients, suggesting a decline of the immune response during the course of the disease (Richartz-Salzburg

• Among all the compounds the novel

  2025-01-16

  

  Among all the compounds, the novel L-748,337 derivative (23d) showed the potent human β3-AR antagonist activity and high lipolysis inhibitory activity in vitro. The TNF-alpha, recombinant rat protein 23d displayed 23-fold more potent β3-AR antagonist activity (EC50 = 0.5117 nM) than that of L-748,3

• In our study the expression

  2025-01-16

  

  In our study, the expression levels of adiponectin and its receptors in the uteri, conceptuses, and throphoblasts were determined by the stage of early pregnancy. Therefore, it could be hypothesized that the adiponectin system is regulated by the local hormonal milieu. Hormonal regulation in the ute

• The subdivision of HT receptors started in the s

  2025-01-16

  

  The subdivision of 5-HT receptors started in the 1950s by Gaddum and colleagues, when they realised that in the guinea pig ileum, the effects of 5-HT could be blocked in part by morphine (M), and in part by dibenzyline (D). Gaddum and Picarelli proposed two receptor classes, 5-HT M and 5-HT D (1957)

• Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs

  2025-01-16

  

  Previous reports indicate that the expression of AChRs and their clustering on myotubes are critical factors required to induce contacts on muscle fibers in a natural biological system [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]. For instance, in NMJ development in the mouse, AChRs are pre-patterned at sites

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