• Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism adenosine

  2025-03-03

  

  Among the enzymes involved in adenosine metabolism, adenosine kinase plays an important role in regulating formation and release of endogenous adenosine in cardiomyocytes as well as vascular endothelial cells Decking et al., 1997, Kowaluk et al., 1998, Smolenski et al., 1994. Inhibition of adenosine

• We aim to evaluate the

  2025-03-03

  

  We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of corticosterone mg injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are highly

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers

  2025-03-03

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• AML treatment Altogether the situations described above

  2025-03-03

  

  Altogether, the situations described above clearly impede the critical steps of drug discovery and development and the scientific process in general [14]. In conclusion, it is the opinion of these authors that many exciting lines of drug discovery (which includes those devoted to nAChR ligands) have

• LO is a soluble kDa enzyme

  2025-03-03

  

  5-LO is a soluble 78 kDa enzyme, composed of an α-helix-rich catalytic domain and a regulatory β-sheet-rich C2-like domain. Depending on the cell type, 5-LO may be located in the cytosol, in the nucleoplasm, or in both compartments (Werz, 2002). Upon cell stimulation by agents that elevate intracell

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target

  2025-03-01

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including perk inhibitor D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-HE

• Chlorogenic acid an abundant polyphenol found in coffee and

  2025-03-01

  

  Chlorogenic RG2833 (7), an abundant polyphenol found in coffee and the human diet, has various biological activities including antioxidant and anticancer effects [54]. Jiang et al. reported that compound 7 had a selective cytotoxic activity on human oral tumor cells (HSG, HSC-2) as compared with no

• br Antioxidant polymers conjugates Natural

  2025-03-01

  

  Antioxidant-polymers conjugates Natural antioxidants are usually used as a substitute for synthetics but some degradation phenomena could influence their applications. For example, ascorbic MK-4827 as a natural antioxidant undergoes yellowish coloration as a result of oxidation [29]. Sing and Ka

• Recently different kinds of A aggregation inhibitors have be

  2025-03-01

  

  Recently, different kinds of Aβ aggregation inhibitors have been reported, including small molecules [8], peptides [9], and nanoparticles (NPs) [10]. The working mechanisms of the inhibitors are mostly to bind or adsorb Aβ molecules and to affect the conformational changes followed by blocking the a

• Albendazole A central question that arises in this discussio

  2025-03-01

  

  A central question that arises in this discussion is whether enhanced neurobehavioral responses to food cues emerge as a consequence of weight gain, or whether there are intrinsic differences in the motivational responses to food cues that precede weight gain. In support of pre-existing differences,

• The RE compartment has been shown to be critical

  2025-03-01

  

  The RE compartment has been shown to be critical for supplying AMPAR during LTP (Hanley, 2010; Park et al., 2004), but whether they also supply AMPAR for synaptic scaling has been less clear (Gainey et al., 2015; Tan et al., 2015). Interestingly, although an increase in μ3A is necessary for scaling,

• Inflammatory factors released by activated

  2025-03-01

  

  Inflammatory factors released by activated cells during AD are very important for the disease progression. Not only several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33, but also anti-inflammatory ones, as IL-10 and IL-13, are upregulated in the brain of AD patients (Morimoto et al., 2011

• Introduction Aldose reductase ALR is the first enzyme

  2025-03-01

  

  Introduction Aldose reductase (ALR2) is the first enzyme of the polyol pathway that catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol utilizing NADPH as a cofactor. The intracellular accumulation of sorbitol, due to increased aldose reductase activity at high blood glucose levels, such as those occurr

• Most of the modifications in the

  2025-03-01

  

  Most of the modifications in the sympathetic nervous system occurring with aging, including decreased βAR responsiveness, increased circulating catecholamines, and overall hyposensitivity to adrenergic stress, are also observed in patients with failing hearts. Moreover, young people are more reactiv

• There is a growing literature on ABCA expression in human

  2025-03-01

  

  There is a growing literature on ABCA2 expression in human biopsies, where it has been described as a potential biomarker of leukemias. In childhood T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ABCA2 and ABCA3 were expressed at high levels, which upon treatment with methotrexate, vinblastine and doxorubicin

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